Security and Cluster Grids

Cluster grids are defined somewhat differently by different people. Some would say that the internet is the world’s largest grid, and others would define a grid as something more controlled. Maybe a network among computers for a certain entity. At any rate, these computer clusters are called grids because they are similar to the electric grid, as the machines are not all housed in the same place. Therefore, security and cluster grids is an ongoing task.

Each operating system within a given grid is called a node. The node may be a PC, an iPhone, or router. Under this definition, the internet certainly functions as a grid. So how are these clusters kept secure? Basically, the network sends tasks to random nodes on the grid to make sure they’re functioning properly and securely. Obviously, malicious programs can infect a grid and cause widespread problems. As work is sent to the various and random nodes, the system waits for two nodes to complete the work with the same result. If a node does not respond, or responds incorrectly, there could be a security issue.

Linux based systems are often touted as the best operating system for cluster grids. One of the arguments is that a Linux system doesn’t slow down a machine when updates are needed. Linux is also open source, so the positive work can be done faster and more thoroughly. If a user were to download a Linux based program, the programmers would ask permission to track any problems with that program. You are, then, participating in open source computing and helping to keep the cluster grid secure. If there is an error or problem with the program on your machine, the programmers can get a report and look at what happened. They can then correct the problem and also identify any security or grid function issues.

Since you are basically participating in grid computing whenever you log onto the internet, your paticipation in security would be to keep your antivirus up-to-date and always operating. Also agree to let open source programmers access your grid programs.

Types of Cluster Computing

2 node High Availability Cluster network diagram

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The term cluster computing or computer clusters may sound like a new computer craze, but it has been around for a while. Cluster computing is the technique of linking several computers together through a network, typically a local area network. This provides the advantage of parallel processing power of each networked computer.

Cluster computing is heavily used in businesses because linking many computers together can provide the same processing power as one super computer. Many businesses need the power of a super computer, but can not afford the price. To work around that, they simply create computer clusters to generate the needed processing power. There are few different types of computer clusters.

Load-Balancing Clusters

Load-balancing clusters work by routing all the work through a load-balancing front-end computer, which then distributes the workload between the remaining active computers. When a few computers are dedicated to manage the workload of a cluster, limited processing power is optimized. This is a great option for companies with limited IT budgets.

High-Performance Clusters

High-performance clusters are made specifically to exploit the parallel processing power of multiple computers. This is the type of computer cluster that is best used when the computers need to perform functions that require the computers to talk to each other as they perform their tasks. An example is when calculation results from one computer will affect the results from another. Have you ever heard of the Seti@Home Project? This is a great example of a high-performance cluster. The project consists of over 5 million home computers, volunteered by their owners, which devote processing power to analyze data from the Arecibo Observatory radio telescope.

High Availability Clusters

High availability clusters ensure constant access to all service applications. The clusters are specifically made to maintain redundant computers that can be backup systems in case of failure. The minimum number of computers in a high availability cluster is two: one computer is active and one is redundant.

The Benefits of Computer Clusters

Computer clusters are a way for companies to link many computers together, typically through a local area network, to generate the same processing power as a super computer, but with a lot cheaper price tag. With computers being such an integral part of business these days, paired with a poor economy and small IT budgets, computer clusters are a great way for businesses to get the processing power they need. There are several other benefits to using computer clusters.

Improved Technology

As computer clusters have been developing and evolving, so has networking technology. And, as the technology has been getting better and better, the price has gone down. This makes the technology more affordable. Computer cluster technology involves using a single virtual local area network, which treats each computer as a node. Data is passed through the network, without any information bottlenecked between the computers or nodes.

Awesome Processing Power

The processing power of a high performance computer cluster is the same as a mainframe computer. With many computers in a cluster, the processing power may even exceed that of a mainframe.

Cost Efficient

Purchasing several good quality computers such as HP desktops at once, is less expensive than buying one supercomputer. The average PC today is a lot more powerful than the first mainframe computers. This means, companies can get the same or even greater processing power by using several desktop computers instead of a mainframe computer, and it is a lot cheaper.

Practically Fail Proof

When one computer in a cluster fails, those operations can simply go to another computer, which ensures there is no interruption in service. When a mainframe computer goes down, the entire system will stop working.

Expandability

Many people feel that the best benefit of utilizing computer clusters is that they can be expanded easily by adding additional computers to the network. A mainframe computer has a fixed capacity and will only be able to handle so much power at a time.

Choosing a Computing Setup

A little bit of forethought and planning can go really far in helping you achieve the right computer network setup. When it comes to cluster computing, a little bit of planning and forethought is going to make it possible for you to achieve the desired results that you seek without having to stop and re-appraise your progress along the way.

Cluster computing is only one of the types of computer networks available. Just as there are different types of car insurance, like motorcycle insurance, truck insurance and classic car insurance, there are also different types of computer networks as well. Cluster computing means arranging or linking the computers in different ways so that all of the computers are sharing the same hard drive and all of the computers are also sharing a single common directory.

In cluster computing, all of the computers in the cluster are also sharing the same network, and as such they can run all of the same programs. Additionally, all of the computers in the cluster computing network naturally trust one another, and so they do not need to be verified. The process of creating a cluster computing network can be simple if the network administrator already knows what he or she is doing. If more computers need to be connected, then the setup process can become more complicated as well.

Cluster computing often makes sense but is not for every computer networking situation. As such, it becomes necessary for you to consider all of the various options that are available to you before you begin working on setting up any kind of network. Choosing the right network setup is going to help make sure that you get the most out of your network and do not end up spending time or money on a networking setup that is not going to work for your home or office.

What is Cluster Computing?

Balanceamento de carga (NAT)
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Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. For example, cluster computing combines the computing capability of all the involved computers, helping people who cannot afford a single computer with those capabilities to still be able to take advantage of that level of computing power.

Cluster computing is also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it. Some people suggest that cluster computing was probably developed independently by several different people in order to meet their unique computing needs a long time before the technique was ever applied to an industrial setting.

A common application for the cluster computing concept is to host websites such as large-scale websites or top affiliate programs. The cluster distributes the load of the website’s traffic or visitors across a wide range of different computers so that the website can accommodate more visitors at any one single time. Cluster computing is also widely used for the creation of gaming servers when large groups are gaming and want to be able to avoid login problems and issues relating to server lag.

One type of cluster computing is HA or High Availability Cluster Computing, which is used to create a redundant network that all users can access all the time. Fail-safes are generally put in place in case a part of the cluster should happen to break down. There are also load-balancing cluster computers that address large loads of simultaneously incoming requests, coordinating those requests in such a way that both efficiency and usability will be maximized.

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Understanding Phishing Emails

At some point when using the internet and email, a user will hear about something called “phishing”. While it may not sound bad – and may in fact sound like something meant for fun if the user enjoys outdoor sports – in truth, phishing can be a serious problem that could result in a major financial loss.

Phishing happens when an email is sent out appearing to be from a legitimate contact. It may say it is from a bank, credit card company or some other site that would require sensitive information to access. The email will instruct the user to click a link directly to perform a function, such as preventing the closing of an account. Some will even go so far as to say that there has been a security breech already on an account, and the user needs to go there immediately to fix the problem.

Once the user clicks on the link in the email, they will be taken to a site that looks very much like the legitimate site. There may even be a redirect to the legitimate site, with a popup that comes over requesting the usernames and passwords. The user believes that it is the real site, and logs in – which has then just exposed all of their sensitive information.

In order to protect themselves, users need to be diligent in checking links in emails. When a link is hovered over without being clicked on, it will normally show the true address in the bottom corner of the email client. Some addresses can be very similar, with even just one letter different to confuse people. That is why it is never a good idea to click on a link directly in an email.

If the user is concerned about a problem, they can connect to the internet and type the legitimate web address into the browser. They can log in as they normally would and check if there is a problem. That is seldom the case.

Being careful with emails can prevent identity theft and save the user from potential financial loss.

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Blogging Software – What are Your Options

The logo of the blogging software WordPress.
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The term “blog” comes from “weblog”, which is a website that is more interactive than a static HTML site. It is normally maintained by one or more people who have an interest in the topic, making frequent posts which show in backwards chronological order. However, blogs have become much more, and the functionality that they now have continues to bring new developments that increase what a blog can do.

There are many different blogging software platforms to choose from. Three of the most popular are WordPress, Movable Type and Typepad.

WordPress

There are two versions of WordPress – one which is hosted through WordPress.com and the open source software that can be self hosted. WordPress offers many templates and widgets which give the software increased functionality. Many users have gone beyond using WordPress as a simple blog, now using it to create complete websites. It is considered to be more than just blogging software, going so far as being a complete content management system. With a simple one touch installation on many webhosts, and an easy to use interface, WordPress is one of the most popular platforms used by bloggers.

Movable Type

Movable Type has become increasingly popular and offers a great deal of options as well. However, installation can be a bit more difficult and if a user is not comfortable installing and setting up a Perl script on a server, they would likely be better using WordPress or Movable Type’s centrally hosted version, Typepad. There are more and more templates and functions being added all the time for Movable Type. Large businesses and corporations use this blogging software to build feature rich websites and interactive communities.

Typepad

Typepad is the hosted blogging software designed by the creators of Movable Type. It offers many features and has an easy to use interface that allows users of all levels to create stunning sites. It does not require any installation or setup, which some users prefer. There are beautiful designs to choose from, and many other features which help users create cutting edge websites for personal or business use.

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Understanding an Operating System

An operating system is the most important software on a computer. It is responsible for running most of the essential tasks on the computer, like controlling the peripheral devices and memory needed for processes that the computer does. It manages things like driver downloads, disc space, and how the user can communicate with the computer without them needing to know all of the technical ins and outs on how everything works. A computer would be useless and not able to do anything useful without an operating system.

The operating system controls how the computer will function when it turns on and boots up. It will manage all of the computer’s resources, serving as the central hub that makes sure all of the hardware and software is getting what they need to function properly. The operating system will be managing how the programs are using memory and how the peripheral devices like a printer or a mouse receive information from the computer.

An operating system makes everything more “uniform” so that when programmers create new software and applications they will know all the details they need to make sure it works on a user’s computer. Everything is consistent, and it will not matter about the kind of computer or memory because the application will work on the operating system the computer uses.

Most operating systems are already preloaded onto a computer when the user buys them, although they can be changed and new systems installed, with the three most popular being Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X and Linux. Each system uses a graphical user interface that users can learn in order to communicate and give commands to their computer.

An operating system is the driving force on a computer, but it isn’t important for people to understand exactly how it works. Users only need to learn how to use the operating system that their computer has installed in order to do the tasks they need their computer to do.

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Understanding Computer Networks

JONKOPING, SWEDEN - NOVEMBER 26:  ***  ***  10...

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A computer network is simply one or more computers that are connected allowing them to share files, programs and hardware. Instead of needing a different printer, for example, for every computer in a company, they will often be joined in a network to keep costs down and make the work much more cost effective.

There are many ways that a computer can be connected, including cables, satellites, phone lines, radio waves – any way that can connect two units together allowing them to exchange information – can be used. Networking computers have many benefits, including the ease of sharing information via software like ares p2p and hardware, and the reduced cost of needing separate programs and devices.

A network normally has three important components: a server, a workstation and a means of communicating. The server acts as the main computer that allows access to hardware and files from other computers and allows them to perform duties like sharing data and files with programs like aresgalaxy. It is the main computer and provides the service to the others in the network. A workstation is essentially any of the other computers in the network that can be used to access the hardware or software. And, the channel for communication is the path that is used to send information between computers or peripheral devices. These channels can be with cable, or even wireless.

As new workstations are added, the network will grow. These networks are often categorized either into a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) depending on the size and area of the network.

In a LAN, the workstations are all connected in a small area, such as a home or small business. Resources are shared between a few computers and perhaps printers and other similar peripheral devices. WAN connect networks in completely different locations. WAN can connect LAN using cables, satellite and wires. Many businesses use WAN to connect when needing more than one geographic location. An example of a WAN would be the Internet.

Networks can help make the most out of smaller budgets, helping users share information and resources.

The Benefits of Cluster Computing

Have you ever needed access to a co-worker’s files? Maybe you have a project due and you need to verify a statistic in an Excel spreadsheet saved on your co-worker’s hard drive. If you are in the same office, you may be able to pop over to your co-worker’s cubicle and transfer the needed information to a flash drive. Or, you may send an instant message, and your co-worker will email you a copy of the document you need. But, what happens if you co-worker isn’t available?

This is a common occurrence, and it may put your project in jeopardy. Companies who often pair co-workers as teammates may want to consider a better solution: cluster computing. With cluster computing, a company eliminates the issues caused when employees store data on their own hard drives. It does this by setting up a central hard drive for the entire company.

As soon as your co-worker saves the Excel spreadsheet to the hard drive, you can log in on your computer and access the file. If your co-worker is sick, you still have access to the files you need. Plus, anything you save to the hard drive is accessible for your colleagues. That means you can head home at the end of the day and know you won’t get a phone call to email copies of your files.

Other benefits to cluster computing include sharing a common directory, having access to the same programs as everyone else, reducing the need to verify a document from another computer (which can reduce the number of flagged security alerts), and sharing a network.

Cluster computing makes it easier to do other things, as well. Instead of having to search for free download software for each machine, your boss can download and save the program to the hard drive for everyone to access. Boy does that save time!

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